Hungary | Zsa Zsa Gabor | Csoma de Körös

Zsa Zsa Gabor, arguably the world’s most famous Hungarian, has transmigrated at the age of ninety-nine. Born Sari Gabor in Budapest in 1917, the former Miss Hungary (1936) was one of the first celebrities to become famous for being famous. “If there had been no Zsa Zsa, there probably would be no Kim Kardashian,” intones USA Today. But let’s not hold that against her. Gabor was famously married nine times, once to Conrad Hilton, Paris Hilton’s great-grandfather. Another of her husbands was Jack Ryan, who is credited with designing the Barbie doll for toy-maker Mattel. Draw your own conclusions. The tart-tongued temptress liked to brag that she was a great housekeeper; after each of her divorces she got to keep the house. After slapping a police officer, for which she got a 72 hour jail
sentence, she explained,  “I admit I have a Hungarian temper. Why not? I
am from Hungary. We are descendants of Genghis Khan and Attila the
Hun.” Another famous quote: “Personally, I know nothing about sex,
because I have always been married.” She was also a pop culture icon immortalized in Dion’s 1963 hit “Donna The Prima Donna”:

She wears diamonds and pearls galore

She buys them at the five-and-ten cent store

She wants to be just like Zsa Zsa Gabor

Even though she’s just Donna next door.

Zsa Zsa (1917–2016): Descendant of Genghis Khan and Attila the Hun

The second most famous Hungarian, in my opinion at least, is Csoma de Körös (1784–1842). He was a full-blown eccentric who devoted his entire life to the
pursuit of arcane knowledge. As the Russian theosophist and New Age Fairy God Mother Madame Helena Blavatsky noted,
“a poor Hungarian, Csoma de Körös, not only without means, but a
veritable beggar, set out on foot for Tibet, through unknown and
dangerous countries, urged only by the love of learning and the eager
wish to shed light on the historical origin of his nation. The result
was that inexhaustible mines of literary treasures were discovered.”
Among the written works unearthed were the first descriptions of the
legendary Buddhist Realm of Shambhala to reach the Occident.

See Eccentric Hungarian Wanderer-Scholar Csoma de Körös and the Legend of Shambhala.

Uzbekistan | Bukhara Oasis | Khwajagan | #1 Ghujdawani

 According to Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani:

The designation of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain has changed from century to century. From the time of Abu Bakr as Siddiq [573 CE–634 CE, a companion and father-in-law of Muhammad and the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad’s death] to the time of Bayazid al-Bistami [804–c.874] it was called as-Siddiqiyya. From the time of Bayazid to the time of Adb al-Khaliq al-Ghujdawani it was called the at-Tayfuriyya. From the time of  Adb al-Khaliq al-Ghujdawani to the time of Shah Naqshbandi it was called the Khwajaganiyya. From the time of Naqshband through the time of Ubayd Allah al-Ahrar and Almad Faruqi, it was called Naqshbandiyya . . . And today it is known by the name Naqshbandiyya-Haqqaniyya.

It is the Seven Khwajagan, or Masters of Wisdom, all of whom were born in the Bukhara conurbation, who concern us here. These are:

1. Al-Ghujdawani (d.1179)


2. Arif ar-Riwakri (d.1219)


3. Mahmud al-Injir al-Faghnawi (d. 1315)


4. Ali ar-Ramitani (d.1315/1321)


5. Muhammad Baba as-Samasi (d.1354)


6. Sayyid Amir Kulal (d.1370)


7. Muhammad Bahauddin Shah Naqshband (1318–1389)

The Bukhara Khwajagan were buried in the Bukhara Oasis and today their tombs are pilgrimage sites. Ghujdawani was born and buried in the city of Ghujdawan, twenty-seven miles northeast of Bukhara. 

 Tomb of Ghujdawani with the Ulugh Beg Madrassa behind . . . For more see Seven Saints of Bukhara: The Khwajagan, or Masters of Wisdom.

 (click on photo for enlargement)

Uzbekistan | Bukhara Oasis | Khwajagan | #1 Ghujdawani

 According to Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani:

The designation of the Naqshbandi Golden Chain has changed from century to century. From the time of Abu Bakr as Siddiq [573 CE–634 CE, a companion and father-in-law of Muhammad and the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad’s death] to the time of Bayazid al-Bistami [804–c.874] it was called as-Siddiqiyya. From the time of Bayazid to the time of Adb al-Khaliq al-Ghujdawani it was called the at-Tayfuriyya. From the time of  Adb al-Khaliq al-Ghujdawani to the time of Shah Naqshbandi it was called the Khwajaganiyya. From the time of Naqshband through the time of Ubayd Allah al-Ahrar and Almad Faruqi, it was called Naqshbandiyya . . . And today it is known by the name Naqshbandiyya-Haqqaniyya.

It is the Seven Khwajagan, or Masters of Wisdom, all of whom were born in the Bukhara conurbation, who concern us here. These are:

1. Al-Ghujdawani (d.1179)
2. Arif ar-Riwakri (d.1219)
3. Mahmud al-Injir al-Faghnawi (d. 1315)
4. Ali ar-Ramitani (d.1315/1321)
5. Muhammad Baba as-Samasi (d.1354)
6. Sayyid Amir Kulal (d.1370)
7. Muhammad Bahauddin Shah Naqshband (1318–1389)

The Bukhara Khwajagan were buried in the Bukhara Oasis and today their tombs are pilgrimage sites. Ghujdawani was born and buried in the city of Ghujdawan, twenty-seven miles northeast of Bukhara. 

 Tomb of Ghujdawani with the Ulugh Beg Madrassa behind . . . For more see Seven Saints of Bukhara: The Khwajagan, or Masters of Wisdom.

 (click on photo for enlargement)

Mongolia | Mongolia’s Got Talent

Listen to Amarillo By Morning.

Mongolia | Mongolia’s Got Talent

Listen to Amarillo By Morning.

Mongolia | Chingis Khan Rides West | Update

An updated version of Chingis Khan Rides West: The Mongol Invasion of Bukhara, Samarkand, and other Great Cities of the Silk Road, 1215-1221 is now available. See a free excerpt: Jochi’s March Down the Syr Darya and the Flight of Temür Malik.

(Click on photo for enlargement)

Mongolia | Chingis Khan Rides West | Update

An updated version of Chingis Khan Rides West: The Mongol Invasion of Bukhara, Samarkand, and other Great Cities of the Silk Road, 1215-1221 is now available. See a free excerpt: Jochi’s March Down the Syr Darya and the Flight of Temür Malik.

(Click on photo for enlargement)

Turkey | Hasankeyf | Update

The NYTimes has an disturbing story about Hasankeyf, which I visited back in June of 2014. See Dam Project Threatens to Submerge Thousands of Years of Turkish History. Sound like the town itself could be submerged. The fate of the ancient ruins above the town is uncertain. Glad I got there when I did.

The town of Hasankeyf, on the banks for the Tigris River, from the ruins of the ancient city (click on photo for enlargement)

Turkey | Hasankeyf | Update

The NYTimes has an disturbing story about Hasankeyf, which I visited back in June of 2014. See Dam Project Threatens to Submerge Thousands of Years of Turkish History. Sound like the town itself could be submerged. The fate of the ancient ruins above the town is uncertain. Glad I got there when I did.

The town of Hasankeyf, on the banks for the Tigris River, from the ruins of the ancient city (click on photo for enlargement)

Greece | Rhodes Island | Rhodes Old Town | Landmarks and Sights

Like most of the Greek islands Rhodes has numerous layers of history dating back several thousand years. The oldest visible layer dates to the pre-Christian Hellenistic period.

Ruins of Temple of Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, dating to probably third century B.C. (click on images for enlargements)

Starting around the fifth century the island became part of the
Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. Islamic Arabs and Turks seized the
island at various times, but the Byzantines were able to regain control and
remained the dominant force on the island until the beginning of the
fourteenth century, when the Knights Hospitaller took over. 

 Byzantine ruins 

Ruins of the Byzantine Church of the Archangel Michael

Byzantine Church of Ag. Paraskevi

Byzantine Church of Ag. Spyridon

Detail of Byzantine Church of Ag. Spyridon

 The Knights Hospitaller Period of Rhodes history began in 1308 and lasted to 1522.  

 Knights Hospitaller Era Church of the Holy Trinity. As you probably know, the Christian concept of the Holy Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Ghost—was in large part formulated by Gregory of Nazianzus, a.k.a. Gregory the Theologian (c. 329–390), who once lived in the Cappadocian village of Güzelyurt, which I wandered through not long ago. Gregory of Nazianzus and St. Basil of Kayseri  are also credited with laying the theological foundations of the Greek Orthodox Church.

 Church of the Holy Trinity

 

 Church of the Holy Trinity

 Knights Hospitaller Era Church of St. Artemios

 Ruins of the Church of Panagia tou Bourgou—Knights Hospitaller Era

Ruins of the Church of Panagia tou Bourgou— Knights Hospitaller Era

In 1522, after a long and protracted siege of the Walled City, the Ottoman Turks conquered Rhodes.  It remained part of the Ottoman Empire until 1912 when it was seized by Italy during the  Italo-Turkish War. Nazi Germany briefly controlled the town during World War II, but after the war, in 1947, the island became part of Greece.

Ottoman Era Suleiman Mosque

Ottoman Era Aga Mosque

 

Fort at the entrance to the harbor of Rhodes

Entrance to the harbor of Rhodes at dawn

Street Scene. No private cars are allowed in the Old Town. Most streets are not wide enough for them anyhow.

Street Scene

Street Scene

Street Scene

Many of the streets are paved with sea pebbles.

You
might think the uneven surface of sea-pebble paved streets and walkways
would provide firm footing. Actually, centuries of use have worn the
pebbles as smooth as glass and in the morning when they are wet with dew
or after a rain they are quite treacherous to walk on.

Street Scene

Street Scene

In the summer  Rhodes is one of party capitals of the Eastern Mediterranean, as hinted at by this graffiti on a park bench. 

There are dozens, maybe hundreds, of bars, nightclubs, and discos in Rhodes Old Town, but most of them are closed in wintertime. This place remains open all night for local worshipers of Dionysus, the current God of choice in Rhodes. When I went out for coffee at six in the morning there were still gangs of local women hanging around out front. Most sported multiple body piercings and some were festooned with chains. At the Open/24/7 bakery where I breakfasted on coffee and chocolate croissants the baker on duty often offered me a complimentary shot of Ouzo from his personal bottle he kept behind the counter. He said it was the Greek way to start the day.

Greece | Rhodes Island | Rhodes Old Town | Landmarks and Sights

Like most of the Greek islands Rhodes has numerous layers of history dating back several thousand years. The oldest visible layer dates to the pre-Christian Hellenistic period.

Ruins of Temple of Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, dating to probably third century B.C. (click on images for enlargements)

Starting around the fifth century the island became part of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire. Islamic Arabs and Turks seized the island at various times, but the Byzantines were able to regain control and remained the dominant force on the island until the beginning of the fourteenth century, when the Knights Hospitaller took over. 

 Byzantine ruins 

Ruins of the Byzantine Church of the Archangel Michael

Byzantine Church of Ag. Paraskevi

Byzantine Church of Ag. Spyridon

Detail of Byzantine Church of Ag. Spyridon

 The Knights Hospitaller Period of Rhodes history began in 1308 and lasted to 1522.  

 Knights Hospitaller Era Church of the Holy Trinity. As you probably know, the Christian concept of the Holy Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Ghost—was in large part formulated by Gregory of Nazianzus, a.k.a. Gregory the Theologian (c. 329–390), who once lived in the Cappadocian village of Güzelyurt, which I wandered through not long ago. Gregory of Nazianzus and St. Basil of Kayseri  are also credited with laying the theological foundations of the Greek Orthodox Church.

 Church of the Holy Trinity

 

 Church of the Holy Trinity

 Knights Hospitaller Era Church of St. Artemios

 Ruins of the Church of Panagia tou Bourgou—Knights Hospitaller Era

Ruins of the Church of Panagia tou Bourgou— Knights Hospitaller Era

In 1522, after a long and protracted siege of the Walled City, the Ottoman Turks conquered Rhodes.  It remained part of the Ottoman Empire until 1912 when it was seized by Italy during the  Italo-Turkish War. Nazi Germany briefly controlled the town during World War II, but after the war, in 1947, the island became part of Greece.

Ottoman Era Suleiman Mosque

Ottoman Era Aga Mosque
 

Fort at the entrance to the harbor of Rhodes

Entrance to the harbor of Rhodes at dawn

Street Scene. No private cars are allowed in the Old Town. Most streets are not wide enough for them anyhow.

Street Scene

Street Scene

Street Scene

Many of the streets are paved with sea pebbles.

You might think the uneven surface of sea-pebble paved streets and walkways would provide firm footing. Actually, centuries of use have worn the pebbles as smooth as glass and in the morning when they are wet with dew or after a rain they are quite treacherous to walk on.

Street Scene

Street Scene

In the summer  Rhodes is one of party capitals of the Eastern Mediterranean, as hinted at by this graffiti on a park bench. 

There are dozens, maybe hundreds, of bars, nightclubs, and discos in Rhodes Old Town, but most of them are closed in wintertime. This place remains open all night for local worshipers of Dionysus, the current God of choice in Rhodes. When I went out for coffee at six in the morning there were still gangs of local women hanging around out front. Most sported multiple body piercings and some were festooned with chains. At the Open/24/7 bakery where I breakfasted on coffee and chocolate croissants the baker on duty often offered me a complimentary shot of Ouzo from his personal bottle he kept behind the counter. He said it was the Greek way to start the day.